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11 6. Standards for lifting beams and spreaders There is a harmonised European Standard, EN 13155, which specifies the requirements for lifting beams and spreaders. It deals with all these variations as well as specifying the fundamental requirements. Buyers are advised to specify this standard. Lifting beams are classified as lifting accessories and fall within the scope of the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations The current harmonized standard BSEN13155:2003+A2:2009m: Cranes Safety Non Fixed Load lifting attachments. This standard should be adopted as best practice to ensure conformity to the minimum requirements of the Machinery Directive. Prior to this standard and the Directive there was no specific standard for the manufacture of Lifting Beams. Manufacturers would often, therefore, work to the requirements of other standards for weldable structural steels, such as BS 449 and BS For the verification of lifting beams, the International Labour Organisations (ILO) code of practice for Safety and Health in Ports included a sliding scale of proof forces linked to the capacity of the lifting beam. However these values were not adopted in EN and, for higher capacities, are in conflict with the minimum requirements of the Machinery Directive. Once in service lifting beams fall under the Provision of Use of Work Equipment Regulations and the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER). Tel: INT: sales@dale-lifting.co.uk - Web: 10

21 15.Verification of lifting beams with moving parts If the lifting beam is designed to tilt then the manufacturer is responsible for specifying the maximum permissible tilt from the horizontal. The beam can be verified through calculation or test, but whichever method is used then it is important that all the criteria specified in section 13 and section 14 are addressed with the beam at an additional 6 degrees to the maximum intended tilt angle. Some lifting beams will facilitate adjustment under load, manipulation or orientation of the load or other complications. In this case the test should be repeated at several positions throughout the range of movement. These positions should be selected to simulate the worst operational conditions and take account of the tilting tolerance required. If the free movement of the tilting or rotating mechanism presents a hazard then it is important that the mechanism is equipped with a device to stop movement and to immobilise the load in its intended position. In addition to the above some lifting beams will also have movable parts; such has pad eyes that can be adjusted along the length of the beam. It is important that any movable part is effectively held in place when under load. When the spacing between these moving parts is controlled by a power source, protection devices must be incorporated to prevent crushing and shearing hazards as specified in BS EN 349:1993+A1:2008. The devices described above used to hold the movable component of the lifting beam in place under load, must be effective up to 6 degrees from the maximum intended tilting angle permitted for the lifting beam. If the devices work using friction then the frictional force should be a least twice friction force is at least twice the force due (cont d) Tel: INT: sales@dale-lifting.co.uk - Web: 20

22 to the self-weight of the parts and the working load limit for the maximum intended tilting angle plus 6 degrees. 1. As with the main structural calculations the verification of the restraining device can be done by calculation or by test. Each method is detailed as follows: 1. Calculation The calculations should address all the criteria as outlined in section 13 However, if the beam can tilt then the analysis should be undertaken with the beam at plus 6 degrees from the maximum intended tilting angle. If the devices operate on a friction basis, the calculations shall demonstrate that at least two times the force due to the self- weight of the parts and the working load limit for the maximum intended tilting angle plus 6 degrees. 2. Test The criteria set out in section 14 should be followed in addition to the following procedure. With the moving part locked in position by means of its locking mechanism a force equal to two time WLL should be applied for a minimum of 1 minute at an angle of 6 degrees in excess of that specified by the manufacturer. The test should be carried out in both directions about the horizontal axis for each available locking position. If the moving part does not have a predetermined position but locks by friction, the test must be carried out at the two extremes of travel and at one intermediate part. After the force has been removed then the moving part and the locking mechanism must be thoroughly examined by a competent person. To be considered acceptable, the part and the locking mechanism must sustain the load without slippage, deformation or failure. After release of the load there must not be any visible defects and the device must still operate freely. Tel: INT: sales@dale-lifting.co.uk - Web: 21

23 16. Verification of ancillary items Most lifting beams will be fitted with supplementary lifting accessories that are used to connect the lifting beam to the load and/or the lifting appliance. Examples of such accessories are typically, slings, swivel hooks, fabricated plate hooks, grabs, clamps, magnets and vacuum lifters. For ancillary equipment that has been bought in, information such as the EC Declaration of Conformity, manufacturer s certificate and instructions for use and maintenance must be included in the technical file for the beam assembly. The instructions for use must be supplied with the beam assembly or incorporated in the beam assembly s instructions for use and maintenance. Other items should be verified in accordance with an appropriate harmonised standard. Common standards to consider would be BS EN 13155, BS EN 818 and BS EN Tel: INT: sales@dale-lifting.co.uk - Web: 22

30 23. In-service inspection of lifting beams Under LOLER lifting beams are considered as lifting accessories and must be examined at least every 6 months, in accordance with and examination scheme (refer to LEEA 032 for guidance) or after exceptional circumstances. The examinations should include the following: Checked for clear identification number. Checked for clear making of SWL Checked main body of beam is free from distortion, corrosion, cracks, gouges, or wear. Checked all welded connections are free from cracking or corrosion. Checked that any bolted connections are free from corrosion and cracking and that all are secure using the correct bolts. Checked that any shackles fitted are free from distortion, nicks, gouges or wear. Checked that all shackle pins are captivated preferably with a nut and pin arrangement. Note: this list is not exhaustive, different configurations may require additional checks. Tel: INT: sales@dale-lifting.co.uk - Web: 29

5.2.6.3.3 If free movement presents a hazard, lifting beamsfitted with a rotation or tilting mechanism shallbe equipped with adevice to stop movement and to immobilise the load in its intendedposition. 2b1af7f3a8